How the 1–100 ENERGY STAR Score is Calculated

1-100 ENERGY STAR ScoreUsing the 1–100 ENERGY STAR score, you can understand how your building’s energy consumption measures up against similar buildings nationwide. The ENERGY STAR score allows everyone in your organization, from the maintenance tech to the CEO, to quickly understand how your building is performing. A score of 50 represents median energy performance, while a score of 75 or higher indicates your building is a top performer—and may be eligible for ENERGY STAR certification.

It’s a simple but powerful tool. Based on actual, measured data, the ENERGY STAR score assesses how your building is performing as a whole, taking into account its physical attributes, its operations, and how the people inside use it. Are you open 24 hours? Do you have a high density of workers? The ENERGY STAR score is tailored to account for how your building works in the real world.

National Survey Data Powers the Statistical Engine

Your building is not compared to the other buildings in Portfolio Manager to determine your ENERGY STAR score. Instead, your building is compared to other buildings nationwide that have the same primary use. Where does this peer group come from?

Periodically (usually every 5–7 years), the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration conducts a national survey to gather data on building characteristics and energy use from thousands of buildings across the United States. This Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) is the only national-level source of data on the characteristics and energy use of commercial buildings in the United States. For most property types, your building’s peer group for comparison consists of those buildings in the CBECS survey that are similar to yours. For a few property types, such as hospitals and senior living communities, industry associations took the lead and conducted surveys to gather the information necessary to create a robust data sample.

For buildings located in Canada, your building’s peer group is based on a similar data source of Canadian buildings, the Survey on Commercial and Institutional Energy Use (SCIEU), which is commissioned by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and implemented by Statistics Canada. 

The Only Accurate Picture of the National Building Stock

EPA uses CBECS as the foundation for the majority of the 1–100 ENERGY STAR scores. These surveys are based on samples that represent the national building stock. CBECS also consistently collects the same data from all buildings, from information about their use and physical characteristics to energy data. All of the data is also verified, so it’s the most accurate and complete picture available of the energy used by commercial buildings.

The detail provided by these surveys enables EPA to normalize for your unique building characteristics and give you a real-world comparison of your buildings to others like it across the nation.

See a list of data sources for each ENERGY STAR score.

How the Calculation Works

Based on the information you enter about your building, such as its size, location, number of occupants, number of PCs, etc., the score’s algorithm estimates how much energy the building would use if it were the best performing, the worst performing, and every level in between. It then compares the actual energy data you entered to the estimate to determine where your building ranks relative to its peers.

All of the calculations are based on source energy and account for the impact of weather variations, as well as changes in key property use details.

To estimate how much energy your building would use at each performance level, EPA conducts statistical analyses on the survey data. For each type of building for which there is an ENERGY STAR score, EPA goes through a rigorous process that involves:

  • Ensuring the quality and quantity of the data is sufficient to support development of an ENERGY STAR score
  • Creating a statistical regression model that adjusts for the key drivers of energy use
  • Testing the model against thousands of buildings in Portfolio Manager

The Technical Details

EPA developed the Portfolio Manager Technical Reference series to provide a detailed and transparent look at the methodologies, analyses, and calculations that underpin the metrics available in Portfolio Manager. For more information, see: